[7] led some to claim he was the first monotheist. To briefly summarize for our purposes here, each of the Milesians postulated one primary principle (arche) as the source of everything else. 29) According to the historical sources, Xenophanes seems to have held that the opposition of wet and dry in the world is the preeminent explanatory basis for the phenomena of the natural world. Xenophanes is the first Greek figure that we know of to provide a set of theological assertions and he is perhaps best remembered for his critique of Greek popular religion, specifically the tendency to anthropomorphize deities. Rather than appealing to the Olympian deities, he proposes a God that is singular, all-knowing, all-powerful, and is responsible for the creation and continued existence of reality.

Circumstances rule men; men do not rule circumstances. …and of course the clear and certain truth no man has seen Many scholars have classified him as basically a poet or a theologian, or even an irrational mystic.

Xenophanes of Colophon was a traveling poet and sage with philosophical leanings who lived in ancient Greece during the sixth and the beginning of the fifth centuries B.C.E. Xenophanes was a native of Colophon, a city in Ionia (now western Turkey). He satirized traditional religious views of his time as human projections, and for this he is often regarded as the "Feuerbach of Antiquity," who did the same for Christianity. Xenophanes developed this theory based upon a wide variety of empirical evidence, particularly his examination of fossils. Lesher, “is the frequent disparity between the opinions he expressed in his poems and those attributed to him in the testimonia.” (7).

When they lose their temper, they lose their worth.

24) Xenophanes was from a small town of Colophon in Ionia and most recent scholars place the date of his birth sometime around 570-560 B.C.E. After a careful review of the evidence, Zeller (Yorsokr.Phil. Sextus Empiricus reported that such ideas were savored by Christian apologists. Praise the man who when he has taken drink brings noble deeds to light, For one thing, it is highly suspicious that, while he takes Homer and Hesiod to task for their portrayal of the nature of the gods, he never bothers to comment on the number of their gods. It is the privilege of the gods to want nothing, and of godlike men to want little. One could first say that, given Xenophanes critique of anthropomorphizing that is discussed above, he believes that it would make no sense to ascribe to the gods any sort of human behaviors or characteristics, be they illicit or praiseworthy.

In fact, Xenophanes is the first Pre-Socratic philosopher for whom we have a significant amount of preserved text. But if horses or oxen or lions had hands This brings them all equally into question.” (74) This does not imply that Xenophanes considered all religious views to be equivalent, but rather it seems to indicate that he is concerned with leading his Greek audience toward a perspective on religion that is based more on rationality and less on traditionally held beliefs. For even if, in the best case, one happened to speak just of what has been brought to pass,

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