Additionally, we found higher levels of education are associated with better reactive as well as proactive inhibitory control, whereas depression shows no relationship with either measure of inhibitory self-control. Selectivity represents the slowing that occurs on the concurrent response when an action is inhibited. London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom, Affiliations By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. For example, another game from The Great Brain Experiment showed that a computational model of subjective well-being developed in the lab could be used to predict well-being in the broader population [58]. These results suggest that difficulties with response inhibition may not be a core deficit in all forms of gambling disorder. London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom, This contributes to an ongoing debate on differential cognitive decline in men and women depending on task type, with some reports finding faster decline in men (on a cognitive battery [40]), and others finding no differential decline (in spatial ability [41,42]), and yet others finding women decline faster (on simple and choice RT [43]). the speed of inhibition. Including twice the number of trials leads to a ‘good’ reliability for SSRT-Unprepared and SSRT-Prepared, whereas the reliability of the selectivity measures remains poor (Fig 2). Players were only known to us through an anonymous number. No, Is the Subject Area "Age groups" applicable to this article? Here we asked—given the similarity of their neural substrates—whether reactive and proactive control decline at a similar rate across the lifespan. (D) The distribution of BDI scores is shown in the grey histogram. The SSRT presented here is high compared to values more commonly found in the literature, which are between 200 and 250 ms including in our own research (e.g. For education we also examined SSRT-Unprepared and the difference between SSRT-Unprepared and SSRT-Prepared to distinguish reactive versus proactive control (Fig 4C).

Conceived and designed the experiments: PS RBR PZ RAA HB RJD. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. In contrast, proactive control over actions has only more recently become the subject of studies, in humans as well as rodents [10]. On Unprepared trials either fruit could turn bad (the example in B shows the fruit on the right turning bad). The aim of the current study was to assess both reactive and proactive modes of response inhibition in individuals with gambling disorder (n = 27) and community controls (n = 21) using a variant of the stop-signal task. Performed the experiments: PS RBR PZ RAA HB.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140383.g004. Preparation also improved the selectivity (S2D Fig; Unprepared–Prepared, 26.1 ± 1.3 ms).

The results suggest that reactive inhibition therapy may be more efficient than reciprocal inhibition therapy, since it is a simpler procedure. [12]).

However, other regions seem uniquely involved in proactive control, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [15].

We ordered all leading Go reaction times (RTs)—defined as the time of the first recorded response in the trial in ms from the start of the fall—in descending order and selected the RT corresponding to a participant’s probability of successfully stopping over all stop trials was selected.

The specific relationship between education, IQ and inhibitory control therefore remains unclear. We used separate staircases for the SSD in Prepared and Unprepared stop trials. Moreover, proactive control was stronger in women compared to men at all ages. Secondly, the later the stop-signal was presented, i.e. Future research should continue to develop and test tasks that involve cognitive control processes in different presentations of gambling disorder.

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