Anislado-Tolentino, V., M. Cabello, F. Linares, C. Mendoza. Marine; benthopelagic, usually ?

Cressey, R. 1970. The reason behind these differing population growth rates is still under debate. and Nelson, D.R.

Fishes in the Fresh Waters of Florida Gallery, Check the status of the scalloped hammerhead at the IUCN website, English:           scalloped hammerhead, bronze hammerhead shark, hammerhead, hammerhead shark, kidney-headed shark, scalloped hammerhead shark, and southern hammerhead shark, Arabic:                        abul-garn, jarjur, Malayan:         jerong tenggiri, yu palang, Spanish:           cachona, cornuda, morfillo, pez martillo, tiburón martillo. Shields, J.

mainly lives in oceans, seas, or other bodies of salt water. The body is fusiform (tapering at both ends), moderately slender with a large first dorsal fin and low second dorsal and pelvic fins.

The first dorsal is mildly curbed with its origin over or slightly behind the insertion point of the pectoral fins and the rear tip in front of the origins of the pelvic fin. As of 2008, the scalloped hammerhead is on the "globally endangered" species list. Froese, Ranier; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). A substance that provides both nutrients and energy to a living thing. 2012. 1987. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, FAO, Rome.

[4], On average, males measure 1.5 to 1.8 m (4.9 to 5.9 ft) and weigh about 29 kg (64 lb) when they attain sexual maturity, whereas the larger females measure 2.5 m (8.2 ft) and weigh 80 kg (180 lb) on average at sexual maturity. May 07, 2012 Lo. (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948; Clarke, 1971; Bass et al., 1975; Compagno, 1984; Branstetter, 1987; Stevens and Lyle, 1989). This material is based upon work supported by the Juveniles spend their first two years inshore, though predation is high (Holland et al., 1993). "Biology of three hammerhead sharks (Eusphyra blochii, Sphyrna mokarran and Sphyrna lewini) from Northern Australia". The wide head and special sensory cells allows the scalloped hammerhead to successfully detect fishes. Accessed :: نام فارسی و محلی ایران: Class: Chondrichthyes (رده: غضروف‌ماهیان), (زیررده: نرم‌آبشش‌داران).

2008). http://sea.sheddaquarium.org/sea/fact_sheets.asp?id=67. Distribution in the Indo Pacific includes from South Africa to the Red Sea, throughout the Indian Ocean, and from Japan to New Caledonia, Hawaii, and Tahiti. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Age and growth of the scalloped hammerhead shark, Stevens, J.D. White, W.T., Bartron, C. and Potter, I.C. Accessed Cites.org.

Young scalloped hammerheads live in large schools until they reach maturity. active during the day, 2. lasting for one day.

Proceedings of the United States National Museum: Smithsonian Institution, 119/3539: 1-98. [18] This species does not seem to attack each other even in periods of starvation. Researchers attribute this growth in demand to the increase in shark fins as an expensive delicacy (such as in shark fin soup) and are calling for a ban on shark finning, a practice in which the shark's fins are cut off and the rest of the animal is thrown back in the water to die. During mating, he curls his tail around her body to align their genitalia and inserts one of his claspers (modified anal fins) into her urogenital opening to deposit sperm. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 15: 45-54. Bester, C. 2012. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. .

Accessed October 11, 2020 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sphyrna_lewini/.

Thin and moderately arched, with 3 sharp ridges in small individuals and 4 or 5 on larger sharks. العه↓, ← خانواده Sphyrnidae : کوسه‌ماهیان سرچکشی, ◄ گونه Sphyrna zygaena : کوسه سرچکشی نرم Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. redlist.org. Part II (Carcharhiniformes). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper.

Klimley, A., S. Butler, D. Nelson, A. Stull. These sharks have a very high metabolic rate, governing behavior in acquiring food.

Occurs inshore and well offshore (Ref. As a result, deprivation results from migration and young growth.

("Scalloped Hammerhead Sharks, Sphyrna lewini", 1998; Carpenter, 2011), Scalloped hammerheads utilize different habitats daily. Kotas, J., V. Mastrochirico, M. Petrere. "Diel movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini Griffith and Smith, to and from a seamount in the Gulf of California". 58302).

makes seasonal movements between breeding and wintering grounds, eats mollusks, members of Phylum Mollusca. Hidrobiológica, 18: 31-40.

Among the reasons for this drop off are overfishing and the rise in demand for shark fins. According to the International Shark Attack File, there have been 17 unprovoked attacks for the genus Sphyrna, though none were fatal.

Compagno, L.J.V. Viviparous with a yolk-sac placenta; number of young probably 6 to 9 per litter (Ref.

Pelvic fins are not falcate with straight of slightly concave posterior margins. Gestation lasts 9-12 months, with pups being born in spring and summer.

2008. Rokicki, J., D. Bychawska. Common prey: small schooling fish such as sardines, conger eels, many reef fish species, squid, octopus, crustaceans as well as smaller elasmobranchs such as blacktip reef sharks, angelsharks and stingrays.

Immediately after birth, pups must find their own food, but they usually live in large schools until adulthood. The biology of three hammerhead sharks (. A little-known inshore shark of the continental shelf, found down to at least 12 m depth. the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females. 1975, Klimley and Nelson 1984, Branstetter 1987, Klimley 1987, Chen et al. The shark was later renamed Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), which remains its current identification. As a result, this causes the scalloped hammerhead to be selective where they swim and the depth at which they tend to stay. (Klimley, 1987; Stevens and Lyle, 1989), Scalloped hammerheads appear to regularly move through a reasonably well-defined area as a result of their diel movement patterns. The authors of that study estimated the maximum lifespan of this species to be 55 years. (Kilmley, 1985), Scalloped hammerheads are among the largest of reef sharks, making them top predators of the animals on which they prey. Scalloped hammerheads give birth to live young that are miniature versions of their parents.

During the seasonal migrations the species can be seen in large schools heading north for the summer months (Clarke 1971, Bass et al. at http://sea.sheddaquarium.org/sea/fact_sheets.asp?id=67. However, estimates for the total area encompassed by these movements are currently unavailable. The Greek word sphyrna translates into "hammer" in English, referring to the shape of this shark's head. at http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/statistics/species2.htm. - 12 m (Ref. This 5% is comprised of up to 2.7 million S. zygaena or S. lewini (Clarke et al. ("Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species", 2012). Age and growth of the Scalloped Hammerhead. When provoked or threatened, an individual will point its pectoral fins downward and arch its back. Also an aquatic biome consisting of the ocean bottom below the pelagic and coastal zones. هرمزگان: کولی:: رده‌بندی کامل ↓ Originally known as Zygaena lewini, its genus name was later changed to its current name. FishBase. Adults are found alone, in pairs, or in small schools, while young sharks occur in larger schools.[2]. 1991.

. Total processing time for the page : 0.4950 seconds. Head broadly arched and hammer-shaped and marked by a prominent indentation at midline (“scalloped”), 2.

[15], Hammerhead sharks are over fished all around the world for their fins and liver oil. May 07, 2012 III.

Schluessel, V. 2008.
2008.

Because scalloped hammerheads are negatively buoyant, the mating pair sinks while copulation occurs. n = 194 See Market names.

Accessed 2008). The maximum length of the scalloped hammerhead is 4.3 m (14 ft) and the maximum weight 152.4 kg (336 lb), per FishBase. The low second dorsal fin is shorter than the anal fin, with the free rear tip not extending to the precaudal pit. In addition, this species plays host to at least two different types of platyhelminth endoparasites. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students.

2006). Feeds on small bony fishes, including sea catfish and grunts, but also newborn scalloped hammerheads, swimming crabs, squids, and shrimp.

and N.C.H. Larger specimens may also feed on smaller species of shark such as the blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus. having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves.

58302).Migrates northward in summer; young often in large aggregations of hundreds of individuals (Ref. "Schooling in Sphyrna lewini, a species with low risk of predation: A non-egalitarian state".

Within the hammerhead family, the species are differentiated from each other by variations within the cephalophoil.

Sharks of the World. They are not considered dangerous and are normally not aggressive towards humans. 1988. The pectoral fins have only slightly falcate posterior margins. This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. [16], The gestation period is reported to be around 12 months. Accessed structure produced by the calcium carbonate skeletons of coral polyps (Class Anthozoa). A coastal-pelagic, semi-oceanic shark occurring over continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water, often approaching close inshore and entering enclosed bays and estuaries (Ref. An inshore and offshore shark found on or adjacent to continental and insular shelves (Ref. Age, growth and reproductive biology of the Silky Shark. Carter, G. 1967.

body of water between the southern ocean (above 60 degrees south latitude), Australia, Asia, and the western hemisphere. Order – Carcharhiniformes Family – Sphyrnidae Genus – Sphyrna Species – tudes Common Names the body of water between Africa, Europe, the southern ocean (above 60 degrees south latitude), and the western hemisphere.

http://home.eckerd.edu/~meylanpa/BiologySeminar/pdfs_of_papers_to_read/BenC_Binder1.pdf.


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