[126], Of all shark species, the great white shark is responsible for by far the largest number of recorded shark bite incidents on humans, with 272 documented unprovoked bite incidents on humans as of 2012.[18]. Leucism is extremely rare in this species, but has been documented in one great white shark (a pup that washed ashore in Australia and died). [81] In 2008, a team of scientists led by Stephen Wroe conducted an experiment to determine the great white shark's jaw power and findings indicated that a specimen massing 3,324 kg (7,328 lb) could exert a bite force of 18,216 newtons (4,095 lbf).[46]. The shark pup's powerful jaws begin to develop in the first month. [151] The Monterey Bay Aquarium introduced a 1.4-m-long male into their redesigned "Open Sea" exhibit on 31 August 2011. [2] Sharks taken during the long interval between birth and sexual maturity never reproduce, making population recovery and growth difficult. [40][45][46][47] This specimen was reportedly 6.4 m (21 ft) long and had a body mass estimated at 3,324 kg (7,328 lb). "Size and age of the white pointer shark, "Three-dimensional computer analysis of white shark jaw mechanics: how hard can a great white bite? Unusually for the area, large numbers of sharks over five metres long were observed, suggesting that the largest sharks change their behaviour to search for whales as they lose the manoeuvrability required to hunt seals. [95], White sharks also attack dolphins and porpoises from above, behind or below to avoid being detected by their echolocation. Large sharks found hooked but still alive were shot and their bodies discarded at sea.

Detailed observations were made of four whale carcasses in False Bay between 2000 and 2010. [79], Toxicity from heavy metals seems to have little negative effects on great white sharks. The largest great white recognized by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA) is one caught by Alf Dean in south Australian waters in 1959, weighing 1,208 kg (2,663 lb). [136] The government of New South Wales also kills great white sharks in its "shark control" program. The cause of death is not known. [149] On the evening of 31 August 2006, the aquarium introduced a juvenile male caught outside Santa Monica Bay. Cage diving is most common at sites where great whites are frequent including the coast of South Africa, the Neptune Islands in South Australia,[160] and Guadalupe Island in Baja California. [4][6] According to a 2014 study, the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more, well above previous estimates,[7] making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fishes currently known. [123] In 2017, three great whites were found washed ashore near Gaansbai, South Africa, with their body cavities torn open and the livers removed by what is likely to have been killer whales.

[161][162] A common practice is to chum the water with pieces of fish to attract the sharks.

This behaviour has also been seen in at least one group of blacktip reef sharks, but this might be learned from interaction with humans (it is theorized that the shark may also be able to smell better this way because smell travels through air faster than through water). [137], KwaZulu-Natal (an area of South Africa) also has a "shark control" program that kills great white sharks and other marine life. This discovery suggests a previously unknown physiological defence against heavy metal poisoning. [170][171], Fishermen target many sharks for their jaws, teeth, and fins, and as game fish in general. [115] The Northern Pacific population of great whites is suspected to breed off the Sea of Cortez, as evidenced by local fisherman who have said to have caught them and evidenced by teeth found at dump sites for discarded parts from their catches.

A number of very large unconfirmed great white shark specimens have been recorded. It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon, and is responsible for more recorded human bite incidents than any other shark.

He told Herald Scotland: "My research indicates we get occasional vagrant visitors, but we may get a few more following prey species and Great Whites prey on tuna. When the shark bites, it shakes its head side-to-side, helping the teeth saw off large chunks of flesh. [156][157] Probably the most famous captive was a 2.4 m (7.9 ft) female named Sandy, which in August 1980 became the only great white to be housed at the California Academy of Sciences' Steinhart Aquarium in San Francisco, California. Just under half of observed breach attacks are successful. Hussey, N. E., McCann, H. M., Cliff, G., Dudley, S. F., Wintner, S. P., & Fisk, A. T. (2012). [11], According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. [121] Another similar attack apparently occurred there in 2000, but its outcome is not clear. From 1990 to 2011 there have been a total of 139 unprovoked great white shark bite incidents, 29 of which were fatal. Up to eight sharks were observed feeding simultaneously, bumping into each other without showing any signs of aggression; on one occasion a shark accidentally bit the head of a neighbouring shark, leaving two teeth embedded, but both continued to feed unperturbed. [116] Between April and September, scientists may observe around 600 breaches. However, a new hypothesis proposes that the great white is also more closely related to an ancient mako shark, Isurus hastalis, than to the O. megalodon. This shark, known locally as the "Submarine", had a legendary reputation that was supposedly well founded. [18], Due to their need to travel long distances for seasonal migration and extremely demanding diet, it is not logistically feasible to keep great white sharks in captivity. The great white shark, however, is rarely an object of commercial fishing, although its flesh is considered valuable.

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