[51] The Normans themselves originated from Scandinavia and had settled in Normandy in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. [206], Other people from much further afield in the former British colonies have arrived since the 1950s: in particular, 6% of people living in England have family origins in the Indian subcontinent, mostly India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. [128] Rainfall is higher in the west, and parts of the Lake District receive more rain than anywhere else in the country. This was established with the Bill of Rights in 1689. [184] Between 2007 and 2015, the UK's peak electrical demand fell from 61.5 GW to 52.7.GW.[185][186].

[196], The government department responsible for the NHS is the Department of Health, headed by the Secretary of State for Health, who sits in the British Cabinet. [306] Contemporary painters include Lucian Freud, whose work Benefits Supervisor Sleeping in 2008 set a world record for sale value of a painting by a living artist.[307]. [271] The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the Financial Times. [334], Major film studios in England include Pinewood, Elstree and Shepperton. The National Hunt horse race the Grand National, is held annually at Aintree Racecourse in early April. A form of Protestantism known as Methodism is the third largest Christian practice and grew out of Anglicanism through John Wesley. People who strictly identified as "Wiccan". [344] Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others. [168] Much of Britain's 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of rail network lies in England, covering the country fairly extensively, although a high proportion of railway lines were closed in the second half of the 20th century. [330] The Royal Ballet is one of the world's foremost classical ballet companies, its reputation built on two prominent figures of 20th-century dance, prima ballerina Margot Fonteyn and choreographer Frederick Ashton. The cuisine of England has, however, recently undergone a revival, which has been recognised by food critics with some good ratings in Restaurant's best restaurant in the world charts. [255], The patron saint of England is Saint George; his symbolic cross is included in the flag of England, as well as in the Union Flag as part of a combination.

Some experts claim that the earliest concept of a metric system was invented by John Wilkins, the first secretary of the Royal Society, in 1668. Later in that century escalating attacks by the Danes culminated in the conquest of the north and east of England, overthrowing the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia. According to the 2011 UK Census, there are roughly 53,172 people who identify as Pagan in England,[nb 5] and 3,448 in Wales,[nb 5] including 11,026 Wiccans in England and 740 in Wales. Since its reintroduction after the Catholic Emancipation, the Church has organised ecclesiastically on an England and Wales basis where there are 4.5 million members (most of whom are English). [96] There has not been a government of England since 1707, when the Acts of Union 1707, putting into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union, joined England and Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. [229] The ONS has projected that the population will grow by nine million between 2014 and 2039.

[101] Some have suggested the creation of a devolved English parliament,[102] while others have proposed simply limiting voting on legislation which only affects England to English MPs. English women who have won Wimbledon include: Ann Haydon Jones in 1969 and Virginia Wade in 1977. Red squirrels are now confined to upland and coniferous-forested areas of England, mainly in the north, south west and Isle of Wight. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Local "congregations" were centred in the monastic community and monastic leaders were more like chieftains, as peers, rather than in the more hierarchical system of the Roman-dominated church.[41]. Some English people, especially in the north, were Jacobites and continued to support James and his sons. Golf has been prominent in England; due in part to its cultural and geographical ties to Scotland, the home of Golf. Guess again, Terrson.
Based on conflicting political, religious and social positions, the English Civil War was fought between the supporters of Parliament and those of King Charles I, known colloquially as Roundheads and Cavaliers respectively. Domestically it drove the Industrial Revolution, a period of profound change in the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of England, resulting in industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development. [122] However, the longest river entirely in England is the Thames, which is 215 miles (346 km) in length.

[nb 4] Since the late 1990s, many English people have migrated to Spain. Medieval architecture was completed with the 16th-century Tudor style; the four-centred arch, now known as the Tudor arch, was a defining feature as were wattle and daub houses domestically. Rugby league was born in Huddersfield in 1895.

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