Law controls and regulates actions of human beings in society and it is, therefore, a subject of great importance for the sociologists. For our precise understanding of the relationship between sociology and other social sciences we have to discuss them individually, which are discussed below: As a mother of social sciences Sociology has close and intimate relationship with all other social science. They show mature techniques and sophisticated ideologies ranging from naturalism and realism to conventionalized abstraction. The relationship of sociology with economics is very close, intimate and personal. In the same way, Sociology provides social background of the study of History. Because artists always externalizes their ideas and perceptions through the art in an objective way. The subjects under Humanities are concerned with human culture. Secondly, Anthropology studies cultures which are small and static while Sociology studies civilizations which are vast and dynamic. The forms of government, the nature of governmental organs, the laws and sphere of the state activity are determined by the social process. (2) Scope of Sociology is wide whereas scope of Psychology is limited. In this way, folklores are important means to understand human culture. In various primitive folklores of India it has been shown how man depends on plants and animals.
This information about the past is of great importance to sociologists. Political Sociology is an inter-disciplinary science which seeks to combine sociological and political approaches.
Political Science starts with the assumption that man is a political being; sociology goes behind this assumption and tries to explain how and why man became a political being. (2) The scope of Sociology is very wide whereas the scope of Anthropology is very limited. All these emanate from and get sustenance from the imagination. Because they have to study unfamiliar societies in a holistic way and investigate the several dimensions of their social and cultural life. 25). In western culture, hunting is a sport; hence, the men in food-foraging societies are often misperceived as spending virtually all of their time in recreational pursuits, while the women are seen as working themselves to bone. Contributions and theories of many Sociologists also are of great help to Psychologists. He acquires moral standards notions of right and wrong as a member of a social group. Man, on the other hand, could alter the environmental conditions by means of his culture and making it favourable to serve his needs. It is a science of collective behavior. But History deals with the past events of man. Archaeology is closely linked to geology in analyzing the archaeological sites and in dating the past and finding out the chronological sequence. When one digs deep into the earth one cannot do without geology.
Social anthropology has close relationship to these social sciences. (7) Sociology is a general science whereas history is a special science.
Accordingly anthropology means study of man. But inspite of their close relationship the two subjects are distinct, (i) History is concrete and sociology is abstract. The relationship between man’s physical environment and his social life has led to a geographical school of Sociology. Further, the personal good of the individual must at the same time be in harmony with the general good of the society as a whole. A historian must have to show some psychological insights while making an analysis of the motive and actions of men and societies. A mark difference is that they study mainly simple and small-scale societies and confront the problems of society differently from the related specialist-subjects in confronting the same kind of problem in complex societies. Sociology and anthropology have highly influenced each other. According to Mischa Titiev, “It is impossible to gain a full understanding of man’s culture without knowing something of his biology.”.
Social Sciences include the study of economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, social studies, and sociology. Political science is a branch of social science dealing with the principles of organisation and government of human society. Rather they are submerged or embedded in the general social order. But History studies human events in accordance with the time and order. The military history is an important chapter in political history where in wars, battles, campaigns and conquests figures very prominently. Of course Sociology studies society whereas anthropology studies man. To understand human nature and behaviour properly psychology depends on sociology. Both carried out studies on caste system, village communities, industrialization, globalization, inter-city life, etc. Thus both sociology and economics are very closely related with each other. It is clear that anthropologists get important help from this social science in different ways. History is now being studied from the sociological point of view. Their mutual dependence led G.H. As a matter of fact anthropologists always attach great importance to environment, because man is regarded as product of interaction between heredity and environment. In the recent years it was realized that a fruitful interaction between the two disciplines was possible and Emile Durkheim, Max Weber acknowledge the initial dependence of sociology upon history. As a student of anthropology, we put more emphasis on the groups. Anthropology is the science of man and so there’s no need to deeply explain how frequently indistinguishable they both remain. As per our modern outlook, we generally want an artist to be original and innovative. (6) Attitude of sociology and history differ from each other. Hence it is closely related to other social sciences and so also with psychology. Hoebel states that sociology and social anthropology in their broadest senses are one and the same.
TOS 7. (3) Sociology is abstract whereas history is concrete in nature. It has very short history of its own. (5) Sociology studies modern, civilized and complex societies whereas Anthropology studies ancient and non-literate societies. Jati was the outcome of societal changes. Therefore in no way they can be defined as ‘an art for art’s sake’. History provides materials sociologists use. A sociologist, on the other hand, is interested in law as a social phenomenon. But for the understanding of social life as a whole sociology requires the help of other social sciences which studies a particular aspect of society.
Political Science is a science of state and Government. (iii) Sociology deals with social man, Political science deals with political man. For example, anthropologists like Morgan and his followers have come to the conclusion regarding the existence of primitive communism from the conception of private property in our modern society. History is now being studied from the sociological viewpoint. This area of study is called primatology. Man has assumed great control over natural factors so that the overall influence of geographical forces is no longer overpowering. There is much in history that has no direct relation to Sociology, while there is much in Sociology which is not in history. Further, the interpretation of the finds can be objectively done only when one explains the manner of the deposition of different layers. As mentioned in the introductory article in this module, political science is the systematic study of the state and the workings of the political economy. But in spite of the above close relationship and inter-dependence both the sciences differ from each other from different angles which are described below.
Criminology and Penology are its important branches. If history is to be useful to understand the present and to serve as a guide for the future, sociological interpretation of facts is absolutely essential. It is a general science of society. Sociology concerned with the study of the historical development of human society.
The old barriers are crumbling. (vi) Sociology deals with unconscious activities also. (2) Sociology is a much younger science which has very recent origin whereas economics is comparatively an older science. Rather they existed in the form of folklores.
Economic forces play a very important role in every aspect of our social life. Anthropology considers the human species as a biological entity.
However, inspite of the above closeness, inter-relationship and inter-dependence both the sciences have certain differences which are described below: (1) Sociology is a science of society and social relationships whereas economics is a science of wealth and choice. Political Scientists largely benefited by the researches and research methods of the Sociologist. Then they placed their young son and daughter in the boat soon after a deluge overtook the world drowning the whole of mankind and also the earth. relationship between political science and the other disciplines4”. (10) Sociology deals with all forms of association whereas political science deals with only one form of association named state. The historians have given up the former practice of using the in exact term like majority of historians or people, “wide support” etc., and have started quoting the exact percentage of the people or the help of the computer and processing of enormous data can be completed within a short span and a systematic information can be collected. Art is, therefore, nurtured in the society and ends in it. But we should not lay too much stress on geographical factors determining the social life in a particular region. The repository folk-music and the folk-dances of India could be for enrichment and inspiration for India’s modern film artists.
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