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Without Jane he became lonely, embittered, valetudinarian. Campbell, Ian. Heffer 1995 offers a valuable journalistic perspective of Carlyle. His confidant and executor was James Anthony Froude, a young historian and longtime admirer of Carlyle to whom his literary remains and papers were entrusted. In 1843, he published his anti-democratic Past and Present, with its doctrine of ordered work. After Jane’s death, Carlyle simply ceased to write effectively for public consumption, his hand shaky, his spirits shakier, dictation useless, and his wish to communicate (beyond occasional letters to The Times and generally ineffective later works on Scandinavian and Scottish history) dulled. The appearance of the three volumes of The French Revolution (1837) better acquainted readers with Carlyle’s passionate style and his passionate belief in the need for society’s rebirth, so that the seriousness of Sartor Resartus was more readily received, and now it is taken for a masterpiece, and rightly.

"Carlyle through Nietzsche: Reading Sartor Resartus", Morrill, John (1990). Affluence came slowly.

A topographical biography lavishly illustrated with black-and-white photographs of the people and places that dominated Carlyle’s memory of his upbringing in Annandale, Nithsdale, and Galloway. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. [9] In early life, his family's (and nation's) strong Calvinist beliefs powerfully influenced the young man.

Cromwell’s methods were direct and crude; they violated human rights—but they saved a country which was tearing itself apart in civil war. He was elected Rector of Edinburgh University in 1865, the year of his wife's death. In a politically charged Europe, filled with fears and hopes of revolution, Carlyle's account of the motivations and urges that inspired the events in France seemed powerfully relevant.
[78] Further evidence for this argument can be found in letters sent by Carlyle to Paul de Lagarde, one of the early proponents of the Fuehrer principle.[76]. Retrieved September 30, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/carlyle-thomas. Nicoll, Henry James., Thomas Carlyle, Philadelphia: R. West, 1977. [61] He was publicly criticized by Charles Dickens for his "well-known aversion to the Jews". [59] Sometimes critical of the United States, describing it as a "formless" Saxon tribal order, he suggested that the Normans had provided Anglo-Saxons with a superior sense of order for national structure in England. Delaura, David J. Chandler, Alice (1998), "Carlyle and the Medievalism of the North".

Among these were essays on Burns, Goethe, and Richter and the important "Signs of the Times," his first essay on contemporary social problems.

Carlyle developed a painful stomach ailment, possibly gastric ulcers,[11] that remained throughout his life and likely contributed to his reputation as a crotchety, argumentative, somewhat disagreeable personality. Written with quirky bitterness and humor, it is a superb hobby of autobiography and German philosophy.

Published in 1841 as On Heroes, Hero-Worship & the Heroic in History, they pick up some of the main concerns of the volumes on the French Revolution. In this Carlyle tried to show how a heroic leader can forge a state, and help create a new moral culture for a nation. An indispensable study of a marriage that intrigued and disturbed 20th-century feminists in equal measure. Jane Carlyle, a lively and sociable person and brilliant conversationalist and raconteuse, had had quite enough by 1834 when a little affluence enabled them to move to London while Carlyle wrote his first major popular success, The French Revolution (1837), which has become a celebrated piece of historical writing.
“Carlylese” became fashionable and was frequently (and grotesquely) imitated by lesser writers. Researching and writing the six huge volumes of the history of Frederick almost killed Carlyle and did much to kill Jane. [4] Within the United Kingdom, establishing his own reputation with the publication of his three-volume work The French Revolution: A History in 1837. The combination of energy, allusive style, and symbolic layers of manipulation make Carlyle’s early message at once seemingly precise and elastic enough to permit a wealth of personal identification; like Tennyson’s In Memoriam, Sartor Resartus allows a good deal of reader latitude in identifying precise meaning and recognizing personal allusion. [79] It has been argued that his critique of ideological formulas in The French Revolution provides a good account of the ways in which revolutionary cultures turn into repressive dogmatism. "[53], Carlyle would have preferred that no biography of him was written, but when he heard that his wishes would not be respected and several people were waiting for him to die before they published, he relented and supplied his friend James Anthony Froude with many of his and his wife's papers. It was provocative, original, fiercely contested at the time of its publication and more so when Carlyle was deceived by patent forgeries of Cromwellian letters—the celebrated “Squire Letters”—offered him after he had completed the basic writing of his history. He returned to Scotland, married Jane Welsh on Oct. 17, 1826, and settled first in Edinburgh and subsequently at Craigenputtock, an isolated farmhouse belonging to his wife's family. He treated Edinburgh University distantly, reading on his own when he could, flinging himself into scientific and mathematical studies (which were his early ambition), restlessly trying out careers and rejecting teaching, the law, the Church, and freelance translation and reviewing. Jane Carlyle had her own circle, less famous, still intensely clever and often advanced in particular on the question of woman’s rights. The history of Frederick is an older man’s impatience and an older man’s certainty. Just such a weakness makes it easy to criticize Carlyle’s method and his conclusions: his method was intuitive, and his admiration for character (often on apparently inconsequential grounds) overrode many critical mechanisms which could have ensured greater objectivity.

For Carlyle, social instability and violence in France as elsewhere could only be checked by strong, heroic individuals, a subject he elaborated upon in On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History (1841). ."

His father, a stonemason, was an intelligent man and a pious Calvinist.


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